ESTABLISHING OF A SINGLE SOURCE OF OBJECTS ORIGIN BY CODE TAGS FOR COLOUR ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS

Abstract

The aim of the article is to clarify the possibilities of the method of establishing a single source of origin of different types of objects using code tags in the context of forensic technical examination of documents. During the research it is proved that the sole source of origin of the objects may be established not only on all detected features as a whole, but also on any of their individual conjunction, which indicates several single sources of origin. The author comes to this conclusion by considering any forged document or paper mark as an object that can be produced in several stages (steps, operations), the result of each of which may contain an individual set of features, which separately allows to establish a single source of origin, which is the scientific novelty of this study. It is proposed, when forming an expert opinion, to indicate by which individual sets of traits the sole source of origin (by the printing device used; by the shape, size and mutual arrangement of imitated protective fibers; by the traits of the simulated watermark; by the same serial number etc.) is established. Real-world case studies highlight the unique capabilities of code labels in establishing a single origin for documents or  banknotes of various types. The reliability of the obtained results and conclusions is ensured by the use of methods of analysis and generalization implied in the study of individual sets of different objects, and also means as possible sources of their manufacture (origin), synthesis and comparison as a tool of the intermediate stage of research, a wide range of experimental methods, which in combination with the systematic approach to the study made it possible to conclude that code tags for effective to establishment of a single source of object origin.
Keywords: sole source of origin; technical examination of documents; color electrophotographic apparatus; code tags.