THE “DEVICE FOR HOLDING ADJACENT PARTS OF AN OBSTACLE IN FORMING TOOL MARKS OF BREACHING TOOLS” IN EXPERT PRACTICE

Abstract

The article, using the example of the application of the
product “Device for holding adjacent parts of an obstacle
in forming traces of breaking tool”, considers the
directions for improving the methods of conducting
forensic trace expertise, in particular during the study
of tools, units, instruments and traces they leave.
Methods of scientific knowledge were used at both the
theoretical and empirical levels, including: observation
is the clarification of the initial data of the problem in
the form of establishing the most common objects of
expertise, where diagnostic and identification tasks are
solved that may be faced by the expert within the
framework of the trace expertise in the expert specialty
4.2 “Study of tools, units, instruments and traces left by
them, identification of the whole by parts”; description,
measurement, which is highlighted directly and in the
course of interpreting the general features of the
device, its parameters, dimensional and technical
characteristics, principle of operation, etc., as well as in
relation to the objects under study; comparison, as
finding the limits of the potential instrumental use of
the equipment, including solving the specified tasks of
trace expertise with its help; the experiment is seen as
demonstrating the applied use of the device during
trace expertise, in particular as equipment that is
extremely necessary for understanding and analyzing
trace information in the form of the certain category
of volumetric static traces. It has been proposed new
forensic tool that facilitates the work of experts and
ensures high-quality and reasonable performance of
the tasks. One of such tools is the equipment known as
the “Device for holding adjacent parts of an obstacle in
forming traces of breaking tool” (at the stage of forming
an idea of the procedure for using the equipment,
the conditional working name “TripodExperiment” was
used), for which a patent was obtained. The developed
device is designed to increase the efficiency of research,
ensure the accuracy of experiments, and simplify access
to the necessary equipment for experts. The proposed
device will contribute to expanding the capabilities of the
expert community and provide effective tools for solving
the tasks. The scientific novelty of the article lies in
substantiating the feasibility of using the product “Device
for holding adjacent parts of an obstacle in forming traces
of breaking tool” as auxiliary equipment during forensic
trace expertise in the expert specialty 4.2 “Study of tools,
units, instruments and traces left by them, identification
of the whole by parts”. In addition, the possibilities of
using the new model for obtaining experimental traces
of the breaking tool, simulating breaking methods,
studying the mechanism of trace formation, etc. are
described. Due to the innovative design, the device allows
to fix the materials under study, ensuring their reliable
stability and minimality. The device can be used not
only for trace research, but also in related areas of expert
activities, such as the study of edged weapons as well
as for fixing objects during other studies.