INCREASING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE IN CRIME INVESTIGATION: ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to develop and scientifically substantiate the directions of increasing the effectiveness
of the use of special knowledge in crime investigation in the organizational and legal areas, to form appropriate
proposals. Methodology. Methodological basis is grounded on positions theories of cognition that gave an opportunity
to investigate essence of the special knowledge, basic forms of their use in a criminal process, and also to define
the subjects of their use. The research is made up of general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition,
including historical, analysis, synthesis, comparatively legal and system-structural. Scientific novelty. Directions of
increasing the effectiveness of the use of special knowledge in crime investigation lying in the organizational and legal
areas are defined and scientifically substantiated. Conclusions. The genesis of changes in the forms and methods of
using special knowledge is clarified. Attention is concentrated to the latest reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
of Ukraine, according to which the sectors of technical and forensic support of investigative (search) actions were
included in the bodies of pre-trial investigation, and the Expert Service of MIA of Ukraine became a structurally
separate institution, which reports to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, and not to the pre-trial investigation
body (police). As a result, investigative units of the National Police and the system of state specialized institutions of
Expert Service of Ministry of Internal Affairs lost organizational connection. The tendency of the low efficiency of
the use of special knowledge during the disclosure and investigation of crimes was noted. The factors that affect the
results of expert research, which are in the organizational gap between the sectors of technical and criminal support
of investigation units with the Expert Service of MIA of Ukraine, close cooperation of which was an important link
in the detection and investigation of crimes, and in the significant rejuvenation of the personnel of the sectors of
technical forensic support, investigators, operatives as well as reducing the overall level of their technical and forensic
training. Four directions of increasing the effectiveness of the use of special knowledge in crime investigation lying in
the organizational and legal areas were distinguished. The proposals aimed at more effective use of special knowledge
in ensuring disclosure and investigation of crimes and improvement of the results of work of law enforcement agencies
in the context of improvement of procedural (expansion of the rights of specialists), non-procedural (consultations
of knowledgeable persons) and organizational (selection and training of forensic inspectors, interaction of expert and
investigative and operational units) forms of application of special knowledge